SAGE III/ISS Science Team:
Jun Wang (Team Lead) / University of Iowa, Iowa City
Peter Bernath / Old Dominion University
Mian Chin / Goddard Space Flight Center
Sean Davis / Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, Boulder
Glenn Jaross / Goddard Space Flight Center
Lars Kalnajs / University of Colorado, Boulder
Travis Knepp / Langley Research Center
Katherine Emma Knowland / Universities Space Research Association, Columbia
Stanley Sander / Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Jean-Paul Vernier / National Institute of Aerospace Associates
Hsiang-Jui (Ray) Wang / Georgia Institute of Technology
SAGE III/ISS Bi-Monthly Presentations
Past:
July 14, 2023
Title: Stratospheric Aerosol Size Reduction After Volcanic Eruptions
Abstract: Benefiting from the broad wavelength spectrum of the SAGE III/ISS solar occultation measurements, we retrieved the parameters of assumed-to-be monomodal lognormal particle size distributions of stratospheric aerosol. For this we used a three-wavelength extinction ratio approach [1]. Surprisingly, we find that some volcanic eruptions can lead to a decrease in average stratospheric aerosol size, in this case the eruptions of Ambae in 2018, Ulawun in 2019, and La Soufrière in 2021, while other eruptions have a more expected increasing effect on the average particle size, like the 2019 Raikoke, or the 2022 Hunga Tonga – Hunga Ha’apai eruption. We show how different parameters like the median radius, the absolute distribution width, and the number density evolve after the mentioned eruptions. Additionally, as a part of our ongoing research to understand the underlying mechanisms controlling the observed aerosol size reduction, we show simulations of the Raikoke and Ulawun volcanic eruptions using the aerosol-climate model MAECHAM5-HAM. A good agreement between simulations and observations in aerosol extinction and aerosol size perturbations was achieved in the first 2-3 months after the eruptions. However, the model simulations could not reproduce the long lifetime of the small stratospheric aerosol size that was retrieved from SAGE III/ISS. In addition to these findings, a short overview of the VolImpact research unit as a whole will be given in the context of which these results were worked on. The results shown are submitted to ACP and currently under review (https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-837).
[1] Wrana, F., von Savigny, C., Zalach, J., Thomason, L. W.: Retrieval of stratospheric aerosol size distribution parameters using satellite solar occultation measurements at three wavelengths, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 2345 — 2357, doi: 10.5194/amt-14-2345-2021, 2021.
Speaker Bio: After receiving his bachelor’s degree at the Technische Universität Berlin, Felix Wrana moved to and is associated with the University of Greifswald. There, he received his Master of Science in Environmental Sciences in 2019 and is currently a PhD student. He is also a part of the DFG Research Unit VolImpact, which is investigating volcanic impacts on atmosphere and climate.
August 23, 2022
Title: The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) Stratospheric Ozone
Abstract: Copernicus services have been set up by the European Union in order to monitor the state of our planet and to help policy makers make decisions. There are six Copernicus services: Atmosphere Monitoring, Marine Environment Monitoring, Land Monitoring, Climate Change, Emergency Management and Security. This talk will focus on the first one, CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service). CAMS provides global quality-controlled information related to air pollution and health, solar energy, greenhouse gases and climate forcing. This is achieved by data assimilation of operational satellite data, providing near real time analysis and forecast of tropospheric composition and stratospheric ozone. CAMS also performs reanalyses starting in 2003. This presentation will provide an overview of CAMS in general and of the stratospheric ozone products in particular. We will also describe the evaluation of CAMS products using, among others, SAGE III/ISS ozone profiles.
Speaker Bio: Dr. Quentin Errera is an expert in chemical data assimilation and stratospheric modeling. He started his career at BIRA-IASB in 1995 by analyzing balloon measurement of stratospheric aerosols. Then he obtained a PhD in 2022 by developing a chemistry data assimilation system. He has a strong involvement in the development of the Belgian Assimilation System for Chemical ObsErvations (BASCOE), and produced the BASCOE Reanalysis of Aura MLS, version 2 (BRAM2, Errera et al., ACP, 2019). He also has a long expertise in observations taken by satellite limb instruments and their use to evaluate models or data assimilation analyses. Since 2020, he is responsible for the validation of stratospheric ozone provided by the Copernicus Atmospheric and Monitoring Service (CAMS). Between 2013 and 2021, he was co-leader of the SPARC Data Assimilation Working Group. For several years, he also contributed to the definition of the ESA Earth Watch ALTIUS mission by having set up several Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSE).
June 28, 2022
Title: A New Challenge in Stratospheric Chemistry: Wildfire Smoke
Abstract: Although pyrocumulonimbus towers have long been known to reach the stratosphere and inject particulate matter, their chemical significance has only recently been recognized. I will summarize multiple observations of aerosol and NO2 concentrations from three independent satellite instruments that identify decreases in stratospheric NO2 concentrations following the major Australian 2019 through 2020 wildfires. The data confirm that N2O5 hydrolysis did occur on these smoke particle surfaces, with important implications for both composition and ozone depletion. However, additional and more important processes are evident in available satellite data. Those findings will be discussed, and avenues for improvements in understanding will be identified. The results indicate that increasing wildfire activity in a warming world can be expected to slow the recovery of the ozone layer for at least the next several decades. Possible linkages to atmospheric circulation and climate will also be discussed.
Speaker Bio: Dr. Susan Solomon is the Martin Professor of Environmental Studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She is well known for pioneering research on the Antarctic ozone hole and on the irreversibility of climate change. She received the 1999 US National Medal of Science (highest scientific award in the US), the Grande Medaille of the French Academy of Sciences, the Crafoord Prize of the Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Blue Planet Prize, and the Volvo prize. She is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the French Academy of Sciences, the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, and the Royal Society in the UK. Time magazine named Solomon as one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2008. A glacier in the Antarctic has been named after her.
April 26, 2022
Title: Clouds and Aerosols with the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) and SAGE III/ISS: Overview and Latest Results
Abstract: ACE (http://www.ace.uwaterloo.ca/) [1] and SAGE III/ISS are measuring atmospheric composition by solar occultation from low Earth orbit. The primary ACE instrument is an infrared Fourier transform spectrometer (ACE-FTS) and SAGE III/ISS is a UV-Visible-NearIR spectrometer. These instruments provide complementary atmospheric observations. ACE-FTS measures infrared spectra of aerosols and clouds by removing gas phase features to leave “residual” spectra. So far, ACE-FTS has observed spectra of Polar Mesospheric Clouds (PMCs), Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs), stratospheric smoke, sulfate aerosols, cirrus clouds, and volcanic ash. This presentation will focus on volcanic sulfate aerosols and stratospheric smoke particles. We have discovered a new chemistry catalyzed by smoke particles injected into the stratosphere by extreme wildfires (“Wildfire smoke destroys stratospheric ozone” [2]). Most recently we have combined ACE-FTS infrared spectra with SAGE III/ISS extinction measurements to characterize sulfate aerosols more completely.
[1] P. F. Bernath, The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), J. Quant. Spectrosc. Rad. Transfer 186, 3-16 (2017).
[2] P. Bernath, C. Boone and J. Crouse, Wildfire smoke destroys stratospheric ozone, Science 375, 1292-1295 (2022).
Speaker Bio: Peter Bernath received his Bachelor of Science in Chemistry from the University of Waterloo and his Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry from MIT. After a post-doctoral stint at the National Research Council of Canada, he became a faculty member at the University of Arizona, followed by positions at the University of Waterloo and University of York. He is currently at Old Dominion University in Norfolk, VA, where he is a Professor and Eminent Scholar. His research interests are in laboratory spectroscopy, molecular astronomy, and atmospheric science.
February 22, 2022
Title: The JPL Lidar Atmospheric Composition Observations for NDACC: A Review of the Multi-decadal Ozone, Temperature, Aerosol, and Water Vapor Profiles at JPL Table Mountain (CA) and Mauna Loa (HI)
Abstract: Four ground-based lidar instruments have been operated for about three decades at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Table Mountain Facility (TMF), California, and Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO), Hawaii. These instruments contribute long-term datasets of ozone, temperature, aerosol, and water vapor to the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). The measurements are regularly used in international assessments of long-term trends of atmospheric composition in the troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere, and represent critical reference data for the validation of space-borne and airborne instruments, including SAGE III/ISS. Several examples of science and validation results involving these lidars will be presented, including recent discoveries that appear to shape the future of ground-based observations in support of future space missions.
Speaker Bio: Dr. Thierry Leblanc is a Research Scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Principal Investigator of three JPL atmospheric lidar programs, contributing long-term measurements of atmospheric composition to the NDACC and TOLNet networks. His research interests are centered on the observation of ozone, temperature, water vapor, and aerosols using the Raman and differential absorption lidars located at JPL Table Mountain Facility (TMF) in California and Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii. He is also responsible for all surface, drone-based, and balloon-borne measurements performed at TMF. Thierry received his Ph.D in Atmospheric Physics in 1995 from the Université Pierre and Marie Curie (Paris, France) on the observation and modeling of gravity wave breaking and its role on the residual circulation. He joined JPL in 1996 where he developed the suite of JPL lidar retrievals used today, and built a high-capability Raman water vapor lidar for measurements in the UT/LS. He is currently co-chair of the NDACC Lidar Working Group, a member of the International Committee for Laser Atmospheric Studies (ICLAS), and a contributor to the TOAR-II Project and to several SPARC Activities.
Science Team Meeting Presentations
10/13 – 10/14/2022
Day 1:
- SAGE III/ISS Mission Updates
- SAGE III/ISS Mission Operations Over the Past Year
- Data Product Status
- Utilization of Disturbance Monitoring Package in Data Products
- Asian Summer Monsoon Chemical and Climate Impacts Project (ACCLIP)
- Clouds and Aerosols from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) and SAGE III/ISS: Overview and Latest Results
- Ground-Based Diurnal Measurements of NO2 and NO3 in Support of SAGE III Validation
- The Stability of the Global Ozonesonde Network
- Ticosonde: 17 Years of Balloon-borne Ozone and Water Vapor Profiles in Costa Rica
- Comparisons with SAGE III Ozone Profiles and Umkehr
Day 2:
- Bridging the SAGE Data Gap: Toward a Climate Data Product with Ozone and Water Vapor Data from NASA SAGE and Aura Missions and NASA Reanalyses
- Determining Tropical Width and TTL Boundaries Using Trace Gas, Cloud and Aerosol Observations
- Stratospheric Ozone Trends in the SAGE II – OSIRIS – SAGE III Composite Dataset
- Quantifying Uncertainty in PSD Parameters Inferred from SAGE III Extinction Spectra
- The Impact of Pyrocumulonimbus on Atmospheric Composition in UTLS
- Stratospheric Aerosol Size Distributions and Optical Depth: Long-term GEOS-Chem-UCX APM Simulations and Comparisons with Measurements
- Status of Oxygen A-Band Temperature Pressure Research Products
- A New Level 3 Aerosol Product for SAGE III
- SAGE III Quicklook and Validation
11/4 – 11/5/2021
Day 1:
- Mission Updates
- Mission Operations Over the Past Year
- SAGE III/ISS Contamination Update
- Mesospheric Ozone: Product Status and Potential Improvements
- Using Measurements from the Disturbance Monitoring Package in SAGE III/ISS Data Processing
- SAGE III/ISS Public Outreach
- Combining SAGE III/ISS and ACE-FTS Sulfate Aerosol Observations
- Status of Limb Scatter Product Retrievals
- Bridging the SAGE Data Gap: Toward a Climate Data Product with Ozone and Water Vapor Data from NASA SAGE and Aura Missions and NASA Reanalyses
- Ground-Based Diurnal Measurements of NO2 and NO3 in Support of SAGE III/ISS Mission
- Intercomparison of NO2 from ACE-FTS, SAGE III/ISS and OSIRIS
Day 2:
- Searching for (Global) Ozone Recovery: An Update
- SWOOSH Updates
- Minimizing Sampling Biases in SAGE III/ISS and Merged Multi-Satellite Ozone Datasets
- Synergistically Using Observations and Models for the Analysis of Stratospheric Aerosol Events
- Quantifying Particle Size Distribution Errors Derived from SAGE III/ISS Observations
- Interannual Variability of Aerosols in the UTLS and its Connection to the Climate Variability, Asian Summer Monsoon Strengths, and Emissions
- Aerosols from PyroCBs in the UTLS
- Definitive Trends in Lowermost Stratospheric Ozone and Tropopause Height Derived from SHADOZ Soundings (1998-2019)
- Ticosonde: 16 Years of Balloon-borne Ozone and Water Vapor Profiles in Costa Rica for Satellite and Model Evaluation
10/19 – 10/20/2020
Day 1:
- Welcome / Mission Update
- Mission Operations
- Instrument Assembly / Contamination Monitoring Package
- Expected Changes for V5.2
- Utilization of Disturbance Monitoring Package (DMP) Data
- Validation and Mission Planning Update
- Communications and Public Outreach
- Update on ACE: Mission Status and Recent Validation Results
- Sustainable Ozone and Aerosol Measurements from a 6U CubeSat: The SAGE IV Pathfinder
- The Impacts of the 2019/2020 Australian Mega Fires on the Stratosphere
- The 2019 Raikoke Eruption: Can Smoke and Sulfuric Acid Aerosol Be Separated?
- Aerosol Discrimination in the Asian Monsoon Region: Is it a Cloud? Depolarizing Aerosol? Non-depolarizing Aerosol?
- In Situ Measurements of Aerosol Size Distributions: Comparisons of Estimated Extinction with SAGE III/ISS Measurements
- Portable Optical Particle Spectrometer Measurements in Support of SAGE III/ISS Aerosol Retrieval
Day 2:
- Diurnal Cycle Modeling and Scale Factors for NO2 and O3
- Dynamical Diagnostics for SAGE III/ISS: Progress Report & Dynamical Coordinate Investigations
- Comparisons with SAGE III/ISS Ozone Profiles and Umkehr
- Trends in Tropical LMS Ozone from SHADOZ V06 Profiles: Reference for SAGE-Based Satellite Products
- Sonde Observations from Boulder & Lauder
- Validation of SAGE III/ISS Solar Water Vapor Data with Correlative Satellite and Balloon-Borne Measurements
- Near-global Variability of Stratospheric Water Vapor Observed by SAGE III/ISS
- Ticosonde: Over 15 Years of Balloon-borne Water Vapor and Ozone Profiling in Costa Rica
- Accounting for the Photochemical Variation of NO2 in the SAGE III/ISS Retrieval
- Ground-based Diurnal Measurements of NO2 and NO3 in Support of SAGE III/ISS Validation
10/29 – 10/30/2019
Day 1:
- Welcome / Mission Update
- Mission Operations
- Instrument Assembly
- Contamination Monitoring Package
- Expected Changes for V5.2
- Disturbance Monitoring Package
- Validation and Mission Planning Update
- Communications and Public Engagement
- Validation of SAGE III/ISS Solar Ozone Data with Correlative Satellite and Ground-Based Measurements
- Validation of SAGE III/ISS Solar Products
- Ozone Comparisons with Ground-Based Long-Term Records
- Assessment of SAGE III/ISS Water Vapor
- Water Vapor and SAGE III/ISS
- Validation of SAGE III/ISS Water Vapor in the Tropics and Comparisons with MLS
- Update on ACE: Mission Status and Recent Validation Results
- Trends and Variability in Stratospheric NO2 from Merged SAGE II and OSIRIS Satellite Observations
- Ground-Based Diurnal Measurements of NO2 and NO3 in Support of SAGE III/ISS Validation
Day 2:
- SAGE III/ISS and GloSSAC V2.0
- Optical Particle Counter Measurements for Comparison with Satellite Measurements of Extinction
- The Printed Optical Particle Spectrometer
- Validation of SAGE III/ISS Ozone and Aerosol Profiles Using JPL Lidars at Table Mountain Facility, CA and Mauna Loa Observatory, HI
- Early Results from a Joint Retrieval of Stratospheric Aerosol from SAGE III/ISS Solar Occultation and OMPS Limb Scattering
- The 2019 Raikoke Eruption
- A Multi-Instrument View of Upper Atmospheric Aerosol
- Backscatter Coefficient Profiles from SAGE
- Cloud Top Heights from SAGE III/ISS
- Dynamical Diagnostics for SAGE III/ISS: Progress Report and OCTAV-UTLS Connections
- Diurnal Cycle Modeling Related to SAGE III/ISS Products
- The Diurnal Ozone Climatology: Applications for Satellite Comparisons
- SAGE III/ISS Limb Scatter Retrievals
- Future Algorithm Development
10/30 – 10/31/2018
Day 1:
- Welcome / Mission Overview
- Mission Operations
- Instrument Assembly
- Disturbance Monitoring Package
- Contamination Monitoring Package
- SAGE III/ISS Product Status Introduction
- Product Status Wavelength
- Product Status Ozone
- Product Status Aerosol Extinction Coefficient
- Product Status Water Vapor
- Product Status Nitrogen Dioxide
- Product Status Lunar Part 1, Product Status Lunar Part 2
- Science Data Product Algorithm Validation
- SAGE III-ACE Comparisons
- NDAAC Update
- Validation of SAGE III/ISS Solar and Lunar Products Using Backward and Forward Trajectories- Ozone
- Ozone Profile Retrievals from OMPS Limb Profiler
Day 2:
- Communications and Public Engagement
- Validation and Mission Planning
- Initial Evaluations of Water Vapor Retrievals from SAGE III/ISS
- Assessment of SAGE III/ISS Water Vapor and Ozone
- Using SAGE III/ISS Measurements and Numerical Models to Investigate Aerosol, Cloud, and Water Vapor Physical Processes in the Upper Troposphere/Lower Stratosphere Region
- Ground-Based Measurements of Diurnal NO2 and NO3 Column Abundances in Support of SAGE III/ISS Validation
- Validation of SAGE III/ISS Solar and Lunar Products using Backward and Forward Trajectories- Aerosol
- Retrieval of Aerosol Size Distributions from In Situ Particle Counter Measurements
- Smoke Transport into the Stratosphere
- SAGE III/ISS Limb Scatter Retrievals
- Retrieval of Aerosol Extinction Profiles from Limb Scattering Instruments- Experience with OMPS LP
- Future Algorithm Development